. Platform(s) of origin Year of inception 1981 1981 October 27, 2017 Wolfenstein is a series of -themed video games created. The first two games in the series, and, were stealth-based and featured a 2D top-down perspective. The third game in the franchise, developed by, introduced a first-person perspective with faster-paced action. Because of this, it is widely regarded to have helped popularize the genre. In 2001, the series was with, developed. It was followed in 2003 by,.

's followed in 2009. After acquired id Software, Swedish developer released in 2014 and a in 2015. A direct sequel to The New Order entitled was released on October 27, 2017. The majority of the games follow protagonist, a Jewish Polish-American Army Sergeant and his fights against the powers. Earlier titles are centered around Nazis attempting to harness supernatural and occult forces.

The New Order and its sequel The New Colossus are set in an in which the. The series presents an action-heavy take on the fight against Nazi Germany. The Wolfenstein series of video games started with the 1981 stealth-adventure video game. It was developed by American programmer, a pioneer in the early eras of video gaming, especially the genre. It was published by his (then) company (Muse Software).

The player controls an unnamed American as he steals war files containing information about secret German war plans while avoiding or sometimes killing guards, and tries to escape the fortified Nazi stronghold Castle Wolfenstein, set during. The game is often credited as one of the first video games of the stealth genre, since it focuses more on avoiding or disarming enemies, and killing them is considered a last resort. Ten more titles, Wolfenstein 3D: The Spear of Destiny, and have been published as games of the Wolfenstein series since the release of Castle Wolfenstein in 1981 by M.U.S.E. Games Timeline of release years 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Wolfenstein 3D: The Spear of Destiny 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Aggregate review scores As of October 30, 2017. Game (3DO) 82% (GBA) 60% (iOS) 77% (PS3) 77% (SNES) 58% (X360) 63% (GBA) 57 (PS3) 77 (X360) 66 (PC) 87% (PS2) 70% (Xbox) 85% (PC) 88 (PS2) 66 (Xbox) 84 (PC) 88% (PC) 90 (iOS) 87% – (PC) 74% (PS3) 73% (X360) 74% (PC) 74 (PS3) 71 (X360) 72 (PC) 84% (PS3) 78% (PS4) 81% (XONE) 82% (PC) 81 (PS4) 79 (XONE) 79 (PC) 78% (PS4) 78% (XONE) 80% (PC) 76 (PS4) 77 (XONE) 76 (PC) 84% (PS4) 88% (XONE) 89% (PC) 86 (PS4) 87 (XONE) 88 Castle Wolfenstein (1981).

Main article:, an American programmer and an employee of software company, was a pioneer of early video game development, especially the stealth genre. He had access to computers in college, and when he worked for the IBM Mainframe architectures before joining Muse Software. The computer he used for game-development, P.L.A.T.O., was one of the firsts with multiple functioning terminals and an example of early computer networks. Warner developed, with P.L.A.T.O., a series of classic video games like his flight simulator and arcade shooter. Inspired by the arcade shooter video game and the 1961 war film, he developed, a stealth-adventure video game in which the player controls an unnamed American prisoner of war as he steals German files containing secret war plans, while avoiding, disarming or at times killing hostile guards and trying to escape the fortified Nazi stronghold 'Castle Wolfenstein', set in World War II.

The game was published in 1981 by Warner's company M.U.S.E. (Muse Software). Beyond Castle Wolfenstein (1984). Main article: After the Nazis apprehend an American spy, William 'B.J.' Blazkowicz, who was sent to sabotage the enemy's regime and foil their schemes, they imprison him under the grounds of Castle Wolfenstein. Finding a way to incapacitate a prison guard, BJ manages to arm himself with a stolen Walther handgun and advance through the subterranean floors of the castle, on his way to accomplish his mission by uncovering the truth behind 'Operation Eisenfaust' and destroy it. The game is noted for popularizing the genre, released in 1992, developed by and published.

Spear of Destiny (1992). Main article: Two operatives of an allied espionage agency, William 'B.J.' Blazkowicz and Agent One are captured by the Nazis and imprisoned in Castle Wolfenstein during their attempt to investigate rumours surrounding one of 's personal projects, the.

Agent One is killed during the interrogation, while Blazkowicz escapes custody, fighting his way out of the castle. As the challenge is still afoot, Blazkowicz discovers that the Nazis are constructing a plan called 'Operation Resurrection', which oversees resurrecting the dead as well as dealing with supernatural elements, using them for their own advantage to win World War II against the Allied power. A reboot and a remake of the series that took off in 1992, developed by and published by, and released in 2001 on Microsoft Windows, as well as arriving on consoles two years later. Wolfenstein: Enemy Territory (2003). Main article: In a mission to investigate the Paranormal Division of the Axis military, William 'B.J.' Blazkowicz is captured and held prisoner in The Tower.

He escapes the clutches of the enemy forces, and sets himself to stop them and their operation that involves supernatural activities once and for all, infiltrating Castle Wolfenstein to continue his escapade deep inside. It is up to BJ to defeat the evil and save the world. It was developed by Fountainhead Entertainment, and published by in 2008, with, one of the key people to the original first-person shooter game in the series, reprising his role as the sole programmer. Wolfenstein (2009). Main article: An agent for the fictional Office of Secret Actions, William 'B.J.' Blazkowicz, discovers an unnatural medallion containing supernatural powers while on a mission on a German battleship.

Learning the Nazis had begun digging deep into crystal mines to obtain more of the very same medallion Blazkowicz found, the OSA sends their operative to the fictional town of Isenstadt, which the Nazis had taken complete control of in order to excavate rare Nachtsonne crystals necessary to access the 'Black Sun' dimension. As BJ progresses through his assignment, things start to become stranger slowly in the town. It is co-developed by and, published by id Software, distributed by and released in 2009 on three major platforms. Wolfenstein: The New Order (2014). Main article: This installment is a soft reboot of the franchise and builds a new chronology, set in an alternate universe where the Axis powers won World War II. In 1946, as the Nazis expand their regime all over the world, OSA agent William 'B.J.' Blazkowicz is sent to assassinate the notorious evil mastermind, General Deathshead, a familiar face from the previous encounters, as part of a last all-out effort by Allied airborne and commando forces.

The mission is a failure and, after the entire unit is slaughtered by the Nazi forces, Blazkowicz barely escapes the compound, sustaining a critical head injury which renders him unconscious and subsequently puts him in a coma. In 1960, fourteen years later, BJ finds himself settled in an asylum, unaware of the events that took place during his coma, and about to be executed by the Nazis who have ordered the asylum liquidated.

Awakened into full strength, Blazkowicz fights his way out of the building, escaping with a wounded nurse, Anya. Heavily irritated by the revelation of the enemy winning the war, BJ operates within the shadows to locate The Resistance and help them fight the Nazis, dismantling them and ultimately crippling their dominance around the world. After Activision handed over the publishing rights to, development on the game began in 2010 by, and was released four years later on multiple platforms, including next generation consoles. Wolfenstein: The Old Blood (2015). Main article: A prequel to The New Order, set in the same chronology, it deals with William 'B.J.'

Blazkowicz and Richard Wesley, also known as Agent One, who are sent to infiltrate Castle Wolfenstein and obtain a top secret folder that contains the whereabouts of General Deathshead. The mission goes awry as they are discovered by the Nazi troopers and are captured. During brutal interrogation, Agent One is killed, but Blazkowicz manages to evade the Nazi forces and escape the castle. With the aid of Kessler, the leader of a local resistance group, he discovers that the folder is held by Helga von Schabbs, a Nazi neurologist who has just arrived in the village of Wulfburg. Evidence begins to emerge of supernatural activities taking place under the command of von Schabbs, who is conducting an archaeological excavation in an attempt to find a hidden underground vault containing occult knowledge previously possessed by German King. The game is a loose remake of, with heavy resemblances noticed within the storylines of the two games, as well as the existence of various characters as homages to the ones from the older title. Developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks, the game serves as a stand-alone expansion pack to, and was released in 2015.

Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus (2017). Main article: Set five months after the events of, BJ Blazkowicz awakens from the coma he succumbed to in the aftermath of surviving a near-fatal explosion, residing on a stolen Nazi U-boat commandeered by the. After an attack ensues on the base orchestrated by Frau Engel, many of the resistance members are captured, and the leader of the group, Caroline Becker is killed. Escaping the clutches of Nazi forces with the rest of the team, Blazkowicz takes over the leadership of the resistance and proceeds to what would have been the next step in Caroline's plan to liberate America from the Nazis and use the country as a center base to free the rest of the world from their behemoth and monstrous regime. Recruiting new members to the resistance along the way, Blazkowicz and the group intend to assassinate prominent leaders in Nazism to bring the public conscious into the idea of liberty and freedom, thus urging everyone to rise against the hefty powers who are running the government.

But, before they ignite the operation, the resistance must attack and take over Engel's airship, the Ausmerzer, to disable its use against their own by the Nazis, and hijack its command systems in order to start a revolution, thus reclaiming the land of freedom that was once theirs. Like its two predecessors, The New Colossus is developed by and published by, as well as released on multiple platforms in 2017.

Wolfenstein: Youngblood (2019) Nineteen years after liberating the United States from the Nazis occupation in the in 1961, the newest members of the Global Resistance, twin sisters Jessica and Sophia Blazkowicz embark on a search mission to France in the capital city of when BJ, their father, goes missing in action. As they task themselves to locate and reclaim BJ, they must also fight the Nazi regime in Europe that still remains withstanding. Developed by MachineGames and is set to be published by Bethesda Softworks sometime in 2019, the players control BJ Blazkowicz's and Anya Oliwa's twin daughters this time around. The game will be available to play in and modes for the story campaign, and as such is a standalone spinoff title from the main series. Wolfenstein: Cyberpilot (2019) Set 20 years after the events of The New Colossus, the protagonist is presented as a computer hacker working for the French Resistance against the Nazi regime. It takes place chronologically around the same time as Youngblood, albeit separate, serving as a side story to the main narrative.

Unlike its predecessors, however, the game is specifically designed to be a experience rather than an adaptable instrument to various formats. Related games. series (1990-2001) – William Joseph 'Billy Blaze' Blazkowicz II (Commander Keen) is the grandson of William 'B.J.' . (1993) - is the great-grandson of B.J. (1994) – Level 31 (Wolfenstein) of Doom II is based on the first level of Wolfenstein 3D, and Level 32 (Grosse) is a Wolfenstein-based level mixed with elements of Doom. (upcoming; scheduled for 2018) – B.J.

Blazkowicz appears as a playable Champion, alongside characters from other franchises. (1994) – Wolfenstein 3D with modified graphics and sounds. (1995) – Was originally going to be a sequel to Wolfenstein 3D called Rise of the Triad: Wolfenstein 3D II. (2011) – A of Wolfenstein 3D. Film In an announcement made at the 2012 American Film Market (AFM), producer and Panorama Media said they have tapped to write and direct Castle Wolfenstein.

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Scene from Macbeth, depicting the witches' conjuring of an apparition in Act IV, Scene I. Painting by Created by The Three Witches, also known as the Weird Sisters or Wayward Sisters, are characters in 's play (c.

They hold a striking resemblance to the three Fates of classical mythology, and are, perhaps, intended as a twisted version of the white-robed incarnations of destiny. The witches eventually lead to his demise. Their origin lies in (1587), a history of England, Scotland and Ireland. Other possible sources, aside from Shakespeare's imagination, include British folklore, such contemporary treatises on as 's, the of, and ancient classical myths of the Fates: the Greek and the Roman. Productions of Macbeth began incorporating portions of 's contemporaneous play circa 1618, two years after Shakespeare's death. Shakespeare's witches are who hail Macbeth, the general, early in the play, and predict his ascent to kingship.

Upon killing the king and gaining the throne of Scotland, Macbeth hears them ambiguously predict his eventual downfall. The witches, and their 'filthy' trappings and supernatural activities, set an ominous tone for the play. Artists in the eighteenth century, including and, depicted the witches variously, as have many directors since. Some have exaggerated or sensationalised the hags, or have adapted them to different cultures, as in 's rendition of the weird sisters as priestesses. Some film adaptations have cast the witches as such modern analogues as on drugs, or schoolgirls.

Their influence reaches the literary realm as well in such works as the and series. Macbeth's Hillock, near is traditionally identified as the 'blasted heath' where Macbeth and Banquo first met the 'weird sisters'. The name 'weird sisters' is found in most modern editions of Macbeth. However, the 's text reads: The weyward Sisters, hand in hand, Posters of the Sea and Land.

In later scenes in the first folio the witches are called 'weyward', but never 'weird'. The modern appellation 'weird sisters' derives from Holinshed's original Chronicles. However, modern English spelling was only starting to become fixed by Shakespeare's time and also the word 'weird' (from Old English, fate) had connotations beyond the common modern meaning. The Wiktionary etymology for 'weird' includes this observation: 'The word was extinct by the 16th century in English. It survived in Scots, whence Shakespeare borrowed it in naming the Weird Sisters, reintroducing it to English.

The senses 'abnormal', 'strange' etc. Arose via reinterpretation of 'Weird Sisters' and date from after this reintroduction.' One of Shakespeare's principal sources for the Three Witches is found in the account of in 's history of Britain, (1587). In Holinshed, the future King and his companion Banquo encounter 'three women in strange and wild apparell, resembling creatures of elder world' who hail the men with glowing prophecies and then vanish 'immediately out of their sight'. Holinshed observes that 'the common opinion was that these women were either the Weird Sisters, that is the goddesses of destiny, or else some nymphs or fairies endued with knowledge of prophecy by their necromantical science.'

Another principal source was the of published in 1597 which included a news pamphlet titled that detailed the infamous of 1590. Not only had this trial taken place in Scotland, witches involved confessed to attempt the use of witchcraft to raise a tempest and sabotage the very boat King James and the were on board during their return trip from. This is evidenced by the following passages: purposely to be cassin into the sea to raise winds for destruction of ships. Macbeth, I.iii.15–25. Macbeth and Banquo with the Witches by The Three Witches first appear in Act 1.1 where they agree to meet later with. In 1.3, they greet Macbeth with a prophecy that he shall be king, and his companion, with a prophecy that he shall generate a line of kings.

The prophecies have great impact upon Macbeth. As the audience later learns, he has considered usurping the throne of Scotland. The Witches next appear in what is generally accepted to be a non-Shakespearean scene3.5, where they are reprimanded by for dealing with Macbeth without her participation. Hecate orders the trio to congregate at a forbidding place where Macbeth will seek their art. In 4.1, the Witches gather as Hecate ordered and produce a series of ominous visions for Macbeth that herald his downfall.

The meeting ends with a 'show' of Banquo and his royal descendants. The Witches then vanish. Analysis The Three Witches represent evil, darkness, chaos, and conflict, while their role is as agents and witnesses. Their presence communicates treason and impending doom. During Shakespeare's day, witches were seen as worse than rebels, 'the most notorious traitor and rebel that can be'. They were not only political traitors, but spiritual traitors as well. Much of the confusion that springs from them comes from their ability to straddle the play's borders between reality and the supernatural.

They are so deeply entrenched in both worlds that it is unclear whether they control fate, or whether they are merely its agents. They defy logic, not being subject to the rules of the real world.

The witches' lines in the first act: 'Fair is foul, and foul is fair / Hover through the fog and filthy air' are often said to set the tone for the remainder of the play by establishing a sense of moral confusion. Indeed, the play is filled with situations in which evil is depicted as good, while good is rendered evil.

The line 'Double, double toil and trouble,' (often sensationalised to a point that it loses meaning), communicates the witches' intent clearly: they seek only to increase trouble for the mortals around them. Though the witches do not deliberately tell Macbeth to kill, they use a subtle form of temptation when they inform Macbeth that he is destined to be king. By placing this thought in his mind, they effectively guide him on the path to his own destruction.

This follows the pattern of temptation attributed to the in the contemporary imagination: the Devil was believed to be a thought in a person's mind, which he or she might either indulge or reject. Macbeth indulges the temptation, while Banquo rejects it.

Several non-Shakespearean moments are thought to have been added to Macbeth around 1618 and include all of 3.5 and 4.1.39–43 and 4.1.125-32, as well as two songs. Performance. 1791 parody of Fuseli's work by would later create one of the more famous portrayals of the Three Witches in 1783, entitled The Weird Sisters or The Three Witches. In it, the witches are lined up and dramatically pointing at something all at once, their faces in profile. This painting was parodied by in 1791 in Weird Sisters; Ministers of Darkness; Minions of the Moon. Three figures are lined up with their faces in profile in a way similar to Fuseli's painting. However, the three figures are recognisable as (the at the time), (prime minister), and.

Hags Castleford Mac Techwikies.com

The three of them are facing a moon, which contains the profiled faces of. The drawing is intended to highlight the insanity of King George and the unusual alliance of the three politicians. Fuseli created two other works depicting the Three Witches for a Dublin art gallery in 1794. The first, entitled Macbeth, Banquo and the Three Witches was a frustration for him. His earlier paintings of Shakespearean scenes had been done on horizontal canvases, giving the viewer a picture of the scene that was similar to what would have been seen on stage. Woodmason requested vertical paintings, shrinking the space Fuseli had to work with.

In this particular painting he uses lightning and other dramatic effects to separated Macbeth and Banquo from the witches more clearly and communicate how unnatural their meeting is. Macbeth and Banquo are both visibly terrified, while the witches are confidently perched atop a mound. Silhouettes of the victorious army of Macbeth can be seen celebrating in the background, but lack of space necessitates the removal of the barren, open landscape seen in Fuseli's earlier paintings for the of the same scene. The Three Witches in ' controversial created a film version of the play in 1948, sometimes called the, which altered the witches' roles by having them create a of Macbeth in the first scene. Critics take this as a sign that they control his actions completely throughout the film.

Their voices are heard, but their faces are never seen, and they carry forked staves as dark parallels to the Celtic cross. Welles' voiceover in the prologue calls them 'agents of chaos, priests of hell and magic'. At the end of the film, when their work with Macbeth is finished, they cut off the head of his voodoo doll., a Japanese version filmed in 1958 by, replaces the Three Witches with the Forest Spirit, an old hag who sits at her spinning wheel, symbolically entrapping Macbeth's equivalent, Washizu, in the web of his own ambition. She lives outside 'The Castle of the Spider's Web', another reference to Macbeth's entanglement in her trap. Behind her hut, Washizu finds piles of rotting bones.

The hag, the spinning wheel, and the piles of bones are direct references to the Noh play Adachigahara (also called Kurozuka), one of many artistic elements Kurosawa borrowed from Noh theatre for the film. 's 1971 film version of contained many parallels to his personal life in its graphic and violent depictions.

His wife had been two years earlier by and three women. Many critics saw this as a clear parallel to Macbeth's murders at the urging of the Three Witches within the film., a 2001 parody film directed by Billy Morrissette, sets the play in a restaurant in 1970s. The witches are replaced by three who give Joe McBeth drug-induced suggestions and prophecies throughout the film using a. After McBeth has killed his boss, Norm Duncan, one of them suggests, 'I've got it! Mac should kill McDuff's entire family!'

Another hippie sarcastically responds, 'Oh, that'll work! Maybe a thousand years ago.

You can't go around killing everybody.' 's 2004 film takes place in the setting of warring gangs in the underworld. The Three Witches are replaced by two corrupt policemen, who don't just pronounce prophecies but also actively shape events to 'balance forces'. 's 2006 takes place in the midst of a modern Australian gang and drug culture. The Three Witches are replaced by three teenage schoolgirls who are knocking down headstones in a graveyard in the opening scene. They whisper their prophecies in Macbeth's ear as they dance in a deserted nightclub.

's hyperrealist 2015 portrays the witches as poor women dabbling in witchcraft living off the countryside of Scotland with their children. While they appear amidst battles and make strangely accurate prophecies, they do not manifest anything supernatural otherwise. In television Within the storylines of the 1990s Disney animated television series, the: Luna, Phoebe and Selene - are all literally, with Oberon being the most powerful of he rules over, as the Lord of Avalon in the series. Their occasional appearances with the Gargoyles storyline indicated major shifts with the plotline, none more important to the entirety of the series than their 11th century AD bonding of the lifeforces of the evil female gargoyle to that of the series' depiction of, making both functionally immortal within the storyline and alive in the late 20th century and beyond. Influence Come and Go, a short play written in 1965 by, recalls the Three Witches. The play features only three characters, all women, named Flo, Vi, and Ru.

The opening line: “When did we three last meet?” recalls the “When shall we three meet again?” of Macbeth: Act 1, Scene 1., a 2001 novel written by Rebecca Reisert, tells the story of the play through the eyes of a young girl named Gilly, one of the witches. Gilly seeks Macbeth's death out of revenge for killing her father. Has cited the Three Witches as an influence in her series. In an interview with and, when asked, 'What if never heard the prophecy?' , she said, 'It's the 'Macbeth' idea.

I absolutely adore 'Macbeth.' It is possibly my favourite Shakespeare play.

And that's the question isn't it? If Macbeth hadn't met the witches, would he have killed Duncan? Would any of it have happened? Is it fated or did he make it happen?

I believe he made it happen.' On her website, she referred to Macbeth again in discussing the prophecy: 'the prophecy (like the one the witches make to Macbeth, if anyone has read the play of the same name) becomes the catalyst for a situation that would never have occurred if it had not been made.' More playfully, Rowling also invented a musical band popular in the Wizarding world called that appears in passing in several books in the series as well as the film adaptation of. The third Harry Potter movie's soundtrack featured a song by called 'Double Trouble', a reference to the witches' line, 'Double double, toil and trouble'. The lyrics of the song were adapted from the Three Witches' spell in the play.

See also., the Night Washerwomen of Celtic mythology., who can manifest herself as a trio of identical figures References.